New information and communication technologies using the Internet (and more specifically, the Internet of Things) are merging with technologies in automation, production, and other areas. Although Industry 4.0 is often unilaterally focused on factory automation, digital transformation is opening the door to new value creation processes and business models with new products and services in all industrial processes of relevance. The intelligent, enterprise-wide networking of all the elements involved in various processes (including employees, products, materials, and machines) makes it possible to provide real-time information and support dynamic, self-organizing value networks.